Theories surrounding the War on Terrorism shouldn't be so be Term Paper

Theories surrounding the War on Terrorism shouldn't be so be complicated-Critical Analysis - Term Paper Example From a Foucauldian perspective, it could be argued that no theorization is ultimate and all theories are essentially characterized by the presence of existing power structures and power balance within. International relations theory too is a field of discourse which corresponds to existing power structures and modes of knowledge production. When we challenge the unity, coherence and self-evidence of such theories from the perspective of actual sufferings and miseries of people who come in contact with the war on terror, the central postulates of these theories begin to collapse. The purpose of the paper is to critically examine the dominant theories in international relations against the context of the ongoing war on terror. The paper would give a general overview of the major theoretical assertions by different schools in a nutshell and would try to show that how limited and dogmatic they are in characterizing the war on terror. Moreover, an attempt to have a glance at the ways thro ugh which dominant international relations theories reproduces the prevailing schemas, power structures an inequalities is also the aim of the paper. Besides, some of the Gramscian tool will also be used in paper for deconstructing the actual forces behind the war on terror. II. ... At present, many theorists from across the leading schools support war on terror based on many dubious arguments. In classical realism, order and stability are the determining factor of any global order based on nation state system. Change is considered as the accumulation of more capabilities and resources. The classic realist analysis of Iraq War is seen as a powers struggle between Saddam’s regime and American empire for establishing hegemony in the Middle East. The War on Terror, from a classic realist point of view, is nothing but geopolitical strategic game. The neorealist theories see hegemony as the product of the increasing concentration of power and capabilities with a single state or a coalition of willing states. Such a situation is marked for the ability of that single state or coalition to manipulate the whole global system for the protections of their narrow geopolitical interests. Neorealism therefore would see the war on terror as a result of growing unipolari ty in the post cold war world where the United States and the NATO could attack any dissident countries at will. Moreover, the war on terror would be seen as an attempt by the hegemonic powers to maximize their control of raw materials and flows of capital and goods. Especially, war on terror was waged for protecting the American interests on the gulf oil. Structural realism is of the view that no amount of power is enough in securing stability and order in a chaotic international system which is characterized by the absence of legitimate global governance structures. Great powers have to deal with the emerging powers that could potentially challenge their powers from the very beginning itself. The notion of pre-emptive strike is

Forensic investigator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forensic investigator - Essay Example The report is composed in response to a request from the investigation unit. 1. James Murray allegedly worked as a team head of numerous drug dealers on small scale level. The culprit had sensitively plotted and worked on the whole scheme of drug dealing. The co-conspirators were corresponded through a laptop hence leading to no physical proofs to the forensic unit. The culprit was first reported by one of his classmates, Walter Thom, declaring that he had heard the culprit conversing about the deal over the cell phone, offering the bureau an opportunity to generate his phone records for the proceedings of this case. 2. After the statement from Thom (witness), Murray (culprit) was put under surveillance. His internet connection and phone records were under continuous observation of the investigation bureau. Surprisingly, for over more than two weeks time, there was no obvious evidence of the culprit being engrossed in any of the drug dealing crime. Neither his phone records showed any suspicious calls or text messages. On further evaluation, it was noticed that during 10 PM until the midnight, for two weeks, no data was received from the culprit although the connection was sustained. The testing concluded that the culprit exploited a high technology hacking system which would facilitate his data to be transmitted to his co-conspirators through a profoundly secured portico. The hacking experts took two days to access his system. And the flow of receiving the data alleviated. After that, there was no reply to this e-mail. The other culprit might have discussed it in person or through some other mean. The e-mail was a significant source of the other two names engaged in this crime. Investigations on Job Rhett, aged 24, with rather a considerable criminal record and Robin White, aged 19, a college student debarred due to disgraceful leisure pursuits and conduct. The email also gave a hint that the culprits used a code word for the drugs: spoon. The ‘car’ was

Authority-responsibility relationships

Authority-responsibility relationships Modern organizations are constantly trying to incorporate a humanistic approach in order to keep their employees happy. Organizational behavior is greatly affected by changes that occur inside the company. One that is seen as most important is that of the changes in organizational structures. The old way of doing things with bureaucratic models have given way to modern models using project and matrix designs. Every organization has objectives and goals that it strives to achieve. In order to do so, the people in the organization must work together. The activities of each of these individuals are broken down by authority-responsibility relationships. These relationships are often formed on the basis of the job hierarchy (Organizational behavior and basics, n.d.). An organization is a group of individuals that are broken down into different levels of authority and segments based on specialty for the intention of achieving the goals and objectives that have been set by the organization. When objectives are established for these groups a process is used to identifying and group the work that is to be performed. Responsibility and authority roles are also defined and delegated while relationships are established for the purpose of enabling the people to work most effectively together (Organizational behavior and basics, n.d.). Administration of an effective organization determines the goals that the company as a whole strives towards. Organizations often evolve out of a need clear, well defined system or structure, that allows people to execute their work responsibilities. This structure helps employees to relate to each other, organize their activities, and achieve the goals or objectives that have been set by the organization. It helps to minimize confusion, maintain an ideal environment and maximizes effectiveness (Organizational behavior and basics, n.d.). Hewlett-Packard is an example of a company that uses modern organizational behavior in order to emphasize productivity and good employee relations. In 2000, Hewlett-Packard was one of five winners of the Ron Brown Award for Corporate Leadership. This company was founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and David Packard. Early on this company has a good philosophy that encouraged good employee relations. David Packard fashioned the concept of management by walking around as a means to achieve a high involvement and open work culture. HP has been both a leader in technology and in human resource management practices. As a leader in technology HP designed and produced the first handheld scientific calculator. As a management innovator HP introduced the radical notion of flexible work hours and removed time clocks as a way to show respect for and trust in its employees (Organizational Behavior in Changing Times, n.d.). HP is a $41-billion-a-year business that consists of seven major product lines and three service lines. HP products include computer desktops and workstations, mobile products, printing and digital imaging products, storage products, servers, networking products, and software. The services lines include e-services, personal services, and business services. HP has approximately 88,500 employees and was one of the first companies to formalize telecommuting policies for its employees. The company has more than 540 sales and support offices and distributorships in 120 countries worldwide (Organizational Behavior in Changing Times, n.d.). The Santa Rosa Systems Division of Hewlett Packard (SRSD) was created in 1992 in order to target a new systems integration opportunity in the ever growing communication business sector. In 1994 SRSD faced many challenges that threatened its success as well as that of its leadership team. Those in the organization saw the following things as major issues: There were two competing strategies that were threatening to divide the organization There were problems between two functions that were competing for common engineering resources. This problem was caused by a functional structure that had very poorly designed cross-functional business teams The cross-functional teams that were not effectively led or managed and did not produce any needed coordination There was a top team that was not effective. There was a general manager who was not confronting and resolving key strategic and organizational issues. There was low trust throughout the organization that prevented organizational problems from being discussed and managed. There was underperformance in the rate of growth and profitability as well as low morale and turnover of key technical people (Beer, 2002). In order to help address these issues HP used a technique know as Organizational Fitness Profiling (OFP). This process enabled the leadership team to bring these problems to the surface and make changes that allowed the business unit to capitalize on many market opportunities. The leadership team and many of the key managers in theSanta Rosadivision had grown up in Hewlett Packards traditional business environment. Fitness Profiling enabled the leadership team to have an honest organizational conversation about the behaviors that were silent killers and diagnose the root causes (Beer, 2002). HP is a technology company that operates in more than 170 countries worldwide. They explore how technology and services can help people and companies address their problems and challenges while pursing their own possibilities, aspirations and dreams. They apply new thinking and ideas to create more simple, valuable and trusted experiences with technology. They are continuously improving the way that their customers live and work (Hewlett-Packard, 2009). Not many other companies offer as complete a technology product portfolio as HP does. They provide infrastructure and business offerings that range from handheld devices to some of the world’s most powerful supercomputers. They offer consumers a wide range of products and services from digital photography to digital entertainment and from computing to home printing. This comprehensive portfolio helps them match the right products, services and solutions to their customers’ specific needs (Hewlett-Packard, 2009). Hewlett Packards motto for their employees consists of Stretch. Strive. Succeed. This is a standard that they demand not only from themselves but from their employees as well. When a person goes to work at HP, they are given every opportunity to stretch their talents, strive for new solutions and succeed beyond what they thought was possible. And when the employee does this they are recognized and rewarded as they grow with the company (Hewlett-Packard, 2009). This approach is what has made HP the worlds leading information Technology Company and keeps them moving in new and interesting directions. This is how they have been able to provide ideas that help people around the world connect, create and accomplish amazing things. Its why their people are experts in so many areas including marketing, finance, HR, sales, IT infrastructure, personal computing and access devices, business technology solutions, global services, and imaging and printing for consumers, enterprises, and small and medium businesses. They believe that when you bring great minds together in over 170 countries, each person has a hand in driving the innovations that make the world a better place (Hewlett-Packard, 2009). The Sociotechnical system (STS) redesign process that was used by HP in order to chronicle the process as it actually occurs includes documenting how changes in managers’ and employees’ beliefs and behaviors as they are produced. STS redesign is not a new management trend but was first detailed by Eric Trist and his associates of the Tavistock Institute in 1963. Central to STS redesign are two principles. The first is that work is comprised of both social and technical components, while the second is that organizations are open systems. The second concept is composed of two important concepts. Organizations are open meaning that they are constantly interacting and negotiating with their environment. Just as significant is the character of their system. Real change occurs only with attention to all aspects of the organization. In order to implement STS redesign, top management must sponsor and demonstrate commitment to the change and the redesign team must be composed of employees from all levels of the organization. This is a change process designed by the workers whose work is being redesigned. Guiding principles include employee involvement, the reallocation of power and authority down the hierarchical ladder, open communications, and system wide transformation. Structurally, the result is an organization composed of self-managing teams (Besser, 1999).  

Symbolism in the Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

During the depression of the 1930's, the combined evils of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl drought left many southern farming families landless and weak. Little hope was left for them but to pack up and moved to California, which was widely advertised in circulated handbills that promised work and inspired hope. John Steinbeck’s epic novel, The Grapes of Wrath tells the story of the migrant farmers’ travels and what they met at their destination. Intertwined within the plot and the intercalary chapters of the story is a profound use of symbolism in various forms and with many meanings. John Steinbeck deeply incorporates symbolism into the characters and plot of The Grapes Of Wrath to convey the adversity and the attitudes of the migrant farmers as well as other people involved in and effected by the dust bowl migration of the 1930's. The journey of the land turtle in the opening of the novel is a near direct representation of the travels of the dust bowl migrants. The turtle, just like the migrants, embarks on a slow, yet steady journey in a clear direction with an unclear destination. Both meet several obstacles on the way, the turtle meets a hard to climb embankment, the migrants meet troubles with their cars and terrain. There are those who make the migrants’ journeys much more impossible such as deputies and salesmen, the turtle meets the truck that nearly causes its death. And when the turtle is on its back, just as the migrants lives are void of all hope, slowly, but surely they get themselves upright and back on track. Jim Casey, the retired preacher introduced early in the plot is a symbol of transcendentalism, the idea of the Emersonian over soul, that all people are part of one great spirit, and serves as a Christ figure in the novel. He frequently refers to this single, great soul of the world, â€Å"maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of†(33). Casy’s role as a Christ figure in the novel fits very well into the journey of Christ portrayed in the bible. He takes a trek into the woods to sort things out, he followed the Joads on their journey west to help people along the way, â€Å"I got to go where the folks are goin’,† and sacrifices himself to the deputy in California to save Floyd and Tom for their aggression against the deputy(127). Symbolism in the Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers During the depression of the 1930's, the combined evils of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl drought left many southern farming families landless and weak. Little hope was left for them but to pack up and moved to California, which was widely advertised in circulated handbills that promised work and inspired hope. John Steinbeck’s epic novel, The Grapes of Wrath tells the story of the migrant farmers’ travels and what they met at their destination. Intertwined within the plot and the intercalary chapters of the story is a profound use of symbolism in various forms and with many meanings. John Steinbeck deeply incorporates symbolism into the characters and plot of The Grapes Of Wrath to convey the adversity and the attitudes of the migrant farmers as well as other people involved in and effected by the dust bowl migration of the 1930's. The journey of the land turtle in the opening of the novel is a near direct representation of the travels of the dust bowl migrants. The turtle, just like the migrants, embarks on a slow, yet steady journey in a clear direction with an unclear destination. Both meet several obstacles on the way, the turtle meets a hard to climb embankment, the migrants meet troubles with their cars and terrain. There are those who make the migrants’ journeys much more impossible such as deputies and salesmen, the turtle meets the truck that nearly causes its death. And when the turtle is on its back, just as the migrants lives are void of all hope, slowly, but surely they get themselves upright and back on track. Jim Casey, the retired preacher introduced early in the plot is a symbol of transcendentalism, the idea of the Emersonian over soul, that all people are part of one great spirit, and serves as a Christ figure in the novel. He frequently refers to this single, great soul of the world, â€Å"maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of†(33). Casy’s role as a Christ figure in the novel fits very well into the journey of Christ portrayed in the bible. He takes a trek into the woods to sort things out, he followed the Joads on their journey west to help people along the way, â€Å"I got to go where the folks are goin’,† and sacrifices himself to the deputy in California to save Floyd and Tom for their aggression against the deputy(127).

Animal Farm Compare and Contrast

Many books are made into movies whether people realize it or not. Some movies could be very well done, and others completely terrible. When the producers of Animal Farm made the book into a movie, they did not do as well as they could have. The book and movie of Animal Farm can be compared in many ways through their differences, similarities, and even why it contains the changes it does. Animal Farm was written to ridicule communism and the idea of a perfect world. The movie made it seem like a comical story of animals trying to run a farm, when it really is not.The narrators of both are very different. In the book, the narrator is not a character and does not show any bias at all. That makes it very easy to understand the main idea. Whereas in the movie, one of the characters plays the narrator keeping the movie in only one perspective. Mollie, who represents the bourgeoisie, flees because she does not like the way things are going in the book. However in the movie, she sticks aroun d and never leaves. The bourgeoisie did not like the idea of changing their ways in the idea of communism, and her role was not clear in the movie.The windmill in the book gets knocked down and Napoleon blames Snowball for it, in the movie Frederick knocks it over which does not make sense because Frederick symbolizes England. Another big difference is how the wood deal in the book represented the Non-Aggression Pact between Russia and Germany, and in the movie there wasn’t really any such thing except for a meeting with Napoleon and Pilkington, and all they did was get drunk. That occurs towards the end, and then the movie ends with a scene of a new family moving into the farm house.That family is John F. Kennedy’s and that really does not have anything to do with the book. The end of the book is a meeting with every other farm and Napoleon playing a card game. The card game represents the beginning of the Cold War. Aside from all of the differences, there are few imp ortant similarities. The similarities can also compare the two stories even though there are few. The seven commandments are a big similarity. Old Major mentions at the beginning of both stories some â€Å"rules† the animals should live by.How they are written down is the same, including how they eventually get changed. The pigs start to develop human-like characteristics and that makes for a lot of fall out towards the end. The saying, â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad†, is the same for both and even gets changed to the same thing, too. Squealer is a huge manipulator in both story lines. He convinces the animals that Napoleon does everything to better them and even covers up some suspicions the other animals have. Since Animal Farm is about Soviet Russia and their revolution, it contains a lot of historical satire.The movie makers most likely changed many parts of the book so that it would be humorous for a younger audience, completely lacking the main points. The mo vie would have been a lot better if it was the same as the book and was animated. However, movie makers probably did not make it animated so that it would not seem child like. Even though they did not succeed at making the movie like the book, if it was animated it could have been more enjoyable. The differences, similarities, and why it contains the changes it does are all ways to compare the Animal Farm movie to the book.Movies that are based on books should really be more like the book so that it doesn’t seem like two different stories. That could confuse the reader/watcher if they are not very similar. This movie should not be recommended if the reader of the book wants to watch a movie thinking it would be like the book because it is not very correct at all. The movie should be somewhat similar due to the fact that it is a historical satire. The book should be read though because it is a great example of what power does to people, and it is very historically correct on t he events in the Russian Revolution.

Evaluation Essay of “In Too Deep” Essay

The essay â€Å"In Too Deep† written by Tom Ruprecht was structured similarly as most autobiography essays, and the author’s narrative has conformed to the â€Å"Dramatic Arc†. I am evaluating the essay in â€Å"Dramatic Arc† order and †¦Ã¦  â€¡Ã© ¢Ëœ place people。The writer changed his mind and gained a lot through this travel. At the very beginning, the writer of the essay Tom explained the background of the story: the inciting incident happened on the group trip to Hawaii. Tom used a special technique to arouse the audience’s curiosity: there are two negative phrases â€Å"impossible† and â€Å"instead of† in the beginning of the essay. Also, Tom repeated several times â€Å"kindergartners† and â€Å"uncool† to express the feelings of unhappiness of being treated like a child and felt hostile towards the guide, which has a strong contrast to the feeling of satisfaction with the â€Å"little kindergartnerâ €  in the end of the essay. When describing the guide, Tom also compared the guide with himself: a â€Å"rugged and handsome† guide vs. a â€Å"kindergartner†. His wife was in the tour group too, so Tom thought he lost face. Droven by those complex emotions, Tom asked to get into the cave although he was not interested in it at all at first. At this time, the spelunker Ernie appeared in the story. Through the phrase â€Å"I politely declined, he insisted† implied the frustrating and unpleasant dialogues in the paragraphs that followed. In addition, Tom mentioned that it was his father’s story and words that encouraged him to agree the proposal. We can see that his father has a great influence on him. åŠ   indicate name comparisonç ­â€°Ã¥ ½ ¢Ã¥ ¼ Ã¥Å'â€"ä ¸Å"è ¥ ¿Ã¨ ¿â€ºÃ¥Å½ » Then move to the â€Å"Rising† part of the â€Å"Dramatic Arc†. Tom and Ernie entered into the cave. Tom added a lot of action verbs to show the big difference between them. On the one hand, Tom â€Å"began† to ask to head back, on the other hand, Ernie just â€Å"simply rushed ahead†. â€Å"Slither through†, â€Å"panicked†, and â€Å"began looking around† those v erbs directly describe how Tom could not hide his scared emotions. When I read this part first time, I could know that every one-foot deeper, more fear came into Tom. Next, Tom presented that Ernie is an unprofessional and unreliable person, which made him feel even more  dangerous. There were some details: he could not figure out what substance was on the cave’s roof, and his unprofessional behavior. Next, it is the climax part. Ernie turned off the flashlight and asked the earthquake question in a joking way. Finally, Tom could not stand Ernie any longer, and decided he had to get out of the cave. Here, the extremely terrifying atmosphere was created by Ernie’s words. Although Ernie asked several questions, Tom did not give any vocal response but to describe his own facial expression and his decision to get out. There are not many describing sentences, but we can imagine the temporal unusual air. Then it is time to get back. Unfortunately, they lost their way and they chose the wrong way that had been picked by Tom. In the sentence, â€Å"Ernie, the great spelunker, replied: ‘ Oh, I have a terrible sense of direction.†™ † I think that Tom especially repeated â€Å" the great spelunker† to convey his complaints about his disappointing teammate. Also, the sentence â€Å"Eventually Ernie’s spelunking expertise did kick in† to show Ernie realized the wrong way. The spelunker was just like a soul who was absent all the time and finally appeared. I think this sentence was really successful, because it made Ernie vivid and humorous. The last part is the â€Å"resolution†. Tom and Ernie finally got out of the cave. Tom used the comparison again: the verb â€Å"popped† and â€Å"expect† show his happiness first but the reality was totally adverse. The annoyed group mates standing at the entrance to the cave were really mad at them. The most interesting thing is that the plot reversed again. The handsome guide criticized them in public first, however, he showed his admiration in private, which satisfied Tom’s self-pride to a great extent. Comparing the different attitudes between the beginning and the end, we can explore that the writer changed his mind. He challenged himself to explore the cave, and after this adventure, he felt better about himself and became more confident. He thought he was also a cool and brave man in front of his wife, which is very important to him. The writer Tom was good at describing the atmosphere and dealing with the details, and the atmosphere and details really impressed me. Also, every process of the incident was connected closely, and all of the peoples’ actions had powerful motivations. All in all, I think it is a really successful autobiography essay.