An Unbiased Perspective on Ap Language and Composition Exam Essay Samples

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The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1187 Words

The definition of crucible is a difficult test or challenge. Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible introduces the strictly Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, quickly overrun with rumors of witchcraft after one scandalous night. Abigail Williams, a young girl and niece of a Reverend, gets caught out one night dancing and conjuring souls. In a reckless attempt to clear her name, Abigail, with the assistance of her friends, falsely accuses fellow townspeople of witchcraft and thus, chaos ensues. In a town such as this, accusing someone of witchcraft gives you a â€Å"shield†, a benefit these manipulative girls take full advantage of. In a desperate attempt to bring justice to those who suffer the accusing finger of Abigail, three of Miller’s most complex characters, Mary Warren, Reverend Hale, and John Proctor, each face their own crucibles in the midst of the witch trials that test their moral strength as individuals and uncover their true selves. To begin, Mary Warren is one of the many girls that accuses several people of practicing witchcraft and aids in getting them convicted. She knows she is doing a wrong, but still she gets caught up in the excitement and thoroughly enjoys the power she discovers she has; she can turn on anyone and the court would believe her without a hint of doubt. Evidently, the weight of her lies make her weak, for she declares: â€Å"I am sick, I am sick, Mr. Proctor. Pray, Pray hurt me not. My insides are all shuddery; I am in the proceedings allShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate repu tation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Managing Organizations and Leading People Liability

Question: Discuss about the Managing Organizations and Leading People Liability. Answer: Line managers implementation of HRM objectives: The plan and progress of HRM practices in an organization are the liability of HR professionals, whereas the line managers are accountable for implementing those HRM practices on the operational work floor. As per Storey (2014), the designing ways of the HRM practices by the HR professionals and the implementation of the same by the line managers play an important role in determining the success or failure of those practices. The line managers implementation process of the HRM practices is primary for employee satisfaction and motivation to that of the design of those practices by the HR people. The role of line managers is crucial in the way they influence employee behaviors and attitudes through translating the designed HRM practices in the best possible way. Their influencing plays a primary role in determining the performance of an organization. The Line Managers do get involved in the process of recruitment and selection, though this function is generally carried out by the HR people (Bratton and Gold 2012). At certain times the line managers do take an active part in decision making even though they do not influence much over such activities. The Line managers have shown an effort to get involved in the developmental activities of the employees. An extended part of the performance appraisal process, the line managers (LM) recognizes the developmental and training needs of the employees. Their increased involvement in such activities boosts employee satisfaction at work and their performance. The LMs also get occupied in career developmental process along with their HR counterparts. The HR people do see LMs as people who do not have the required skill to manage the career developmental activities. (Alfes et al, 2013) have explored the contribution of LMs in structuring the pay and benefits which depends on the situation. Th ey took into consideration the scenario of Edward Hospital Trust, an institution which is partly owned by the government which impacted the limitations within which decisions regarding pay and benefits were to be determined. For example, when the government adduced a policy which is cost-neutral in determining local pay, the line managers had little prospect of exerting an influence. But, the organizations decision to shift towards a framework of local pay to solve a certain operational problem can open the door for LMs to commence and pressurize the content of the framework (Townsend 2014.). This states that the roles of LMs tend to vary and sometimes act as a link between the operational and tactical level of activity. Critically evaluating on drawing on contingency or best fit perspectives to human resource management In the recent scenario, operating organizations persist with their survival for different goals in accordance to the organizational plan and types. These organizations can be categorized as private, public and non-governmental institution. The three have the business of providing quality service. Human resource is the common ground that binds these three organizations. Only a strong financial resource system will not guarantee success for an organization, it is the human resource people who have it in them to bring success. In current circumstances, an organization is shaped in which the human resource of the past is not taken into consideration. Organizations are faced with circumstances that require explanation for thorny challenge of incorporate business and needs of people. It states that the practices of human resource management improve the effectiveness of organizations along with its performance through magnetize, recognize and preserve employees with information and skill and making them perform in a certain way that would support the objectives and mission of the organization. The usefulness of the HRM practices is based on the engenderment of suitable behavior and attitude in employees. In recent times the Hr departments are expected to add to the performance of the organizations and there is a general belief among the organizational people that the process of strategic management depends largely on the degree to which the function of the HR is involved. The best fit approach to strategic human resource management (HRM) investigates the relationship that exists between the HRM and strategic management by judging the control of vertical integration (Stone 2013). Leverage in vertical integration is gained through linking closely the HR practices and policies to the objectives of business and is regarded as the key essential of strategic HRM. The best fit school of HRM centers on the close association between the strategy of the organization and the other systems. According to Paauwe et al, (2012), all the systems of the organization must commence with the strategies in business as it identifies what the company wants to achieve and the level of performance to be demonstrated in order to be effective. The organizational needs of the staff are to be acknowledged through the best fit policies and practices. Best fit practices are based on picking the most valuable HR policies depending on matching them suitably to the environment of the organization. The dependent factors persuade HR strategy comprises of the strategies pursued in business, management skills, economic conditions and industry sector. For best fit, the strategies of organization are first followed by the organizational systems and practices that follow. In the best fit model, the HR manager recognizes first the external fit related to the strategies of marketing and operations and tries to fit them with the strategies of the HR. The system of best fit illustrates a high margin of assurance in agreement to the pay as a motivator. The expectancy theory is followed where it is taken into consideration that people will achieve more and do better if they consider their endeavor will be satisfied through rewards. The best fit practices hubs on the financial aspects and assists it as a driver for commercial human resource. Lincoln Electronic of U.S. applied the best fit strategy aimed at enhancing the abilities of employees along with their business and technical knowledge through considerable investment in the best practices of training method that are globally recognized. Certain training programs for sales trainees are to be conducted along with providing regular vocational trainings for knowledgeable workers. Such actions are considered for supporting and maintaining the best effective objectives generating a competitive advantage and a core competency as compared to industry rivals. Lincolns advancement to train their employees is similar to that of Toyotas immersion training for achieving higher efficiency and superiority. The best fit approach was also implemented by the company in its employee participation program. The company follows an open door policy where there is a direct communication between the management and employees. Effective reward management systems are fair reward management systems. In a business organization, reward management is the way to execute policies and strategies to reward the employees to a fair average according to the organizational values (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Reward management in business organizations consist of evaluating the remuneration of employees along with other benefits. The main aspiration of the reward management is to compensate the employees in fair manner for their performance. The reason for reward managements existence in organizations is to stimulate employees for better work performance to achieve the pre-determined organizational goals. Reward management comprises of not only the financial rewards but also the non-financial ones like development and training of employees, increase in job responsibility and recognition of employees. Richard Mayer owned a business of air-conditioning and heating in Austin. During the early 90s, the man faced a major problem of cost cutting, as demanded by his customers who were mostly commercial property management businesses. To achieve this cost cutting factor, the commercial management businesses resolute to end their terms with Richard Mayer and employ their own handymen. Lay off of the 200 person odd workforce would have been a bit harsh and Richard did not want it either, instead he made sure to restructure his workers into territories. Each worker was assigned to their own territories by Richard, as if they were operating their own business. Each area director was put through training procedures in negotiating, budgeting, estimation of costs and ways to handle consumer complaints. Richards belief was that his employees, if trained to be technically sounded, ambitious and friendly, could successfully operate as small-town handymen, even after being a part of a large enterpr ise. Richard Mayers idea connected well with his actions and the area directors improved themselves to have a strong sense of pride and ownership in their territories. Scheduling own work, handling own equipments, advertising campaigns and developing their own estimates became an easy affair for the employees. Such rewards were well deserved by the employees. The wages of the employees increased because of Richards program. Before this scenario, an employee working for Mayer used to earn $55,000; this program in its first year has increased his earning figure to $95,000. Richards employees were extremely happy for being rewarded in such a manner and Richard was benefited with a growth of 175% of his business in a period of just 24 months. Internal equity: When being compared to others in the business, the rewards must be valued as fair. Allocation of rewards to the employees should consist of fair and reasonable reasons and criterion for everyone in the organization. Acceptance of such allocation of rewards to employees should come from all the parties in an organization (Marchington and Suter 2013). Consistency is the key in applying those rewards throughout the organization. HR professionals managing compensation programs do keep in mind the legal considerations associated with the reward system. Internal pay within an organization must always be equitable, though the general norm among the organizations is to reward high performers with more money, creating a difference in pay among the employees engaged in same kind of work. HR must be aware of the facts that employees performing the same job should not be paid differently on the basis of gender, color and age as it is against the laws. External equity: The rewards must be perceived as a fair one when compared to those that are being offered outside the organization for such comparable work. External equity is the position that subsists when the pay rates of an organization are equal to the market rates. An employers aim should always be to pay that is required to draw, keep and inspire a fair number of employees who are qualified. The compensation rates are being compared to bring in competitiveness. However, there are people who complicate this process. For example, hiring the head of the administrative department might require the talent for competition to be from a different set of companies than when the organization is hiring a software developer. Employee involvement and participation positively impact on organizational outcomes Employee participation is a way of sharing opinions and decisions among the individuals who hierarchically are unequal. Employee participation can also be defined as a term consisting of two elements; one where grievances are expressed by the employees in facing problems in work process and the second, employees participation in the decision making process of the organization. Only decision making process is not the only way for employee participation, it takes into account the entire welfare of the employees. Over the years the trade unions have been the voice of the employees in most of the countries. Most of the employee concerns are being voiced through their relevant trade unions. The trade unions have played a major part in varying the way the employees are treated in the businesses. The effect of participation and involvement of employees is a diverse phenomenon. Specific organizational goals determine the strategy of employee involvement. Job satisfaction: The job satisfaction of the employees plays an important role in determining the way they carry out their responsibilities and duties. Employees resign when they are not satisfied with their job responsibility. According to Gallie (2013), the Human Resource Management people have been enhancing productivity and developing human capital for a long time through proper employee participation and satisfaction of the employees in performing their jobs. Researchers deem job satisfaction as the inconsistency that exists between the values of an employee and what the situation has to offer to that particular employee. The employees feel much confident about their work and presence in the organization when their decisions are trusted by the management and have a positive result on the businesss outcome. As per Simons (2013), employee participation is the way through which workers can let go their stress, ideas and related concerns of the business. According to certain schola rs, satisfied employees have a propensity to value more and exploit the organizational opportunities provided to them. The Human Resource Manager at Google argues that an organizations improvement or development is not possible unless there is a significant level of employee involvement. Nowadays, most of the employees want to contribute in many other ways than just performing the work as directed by the management. Employee Involvement: Involvement of employees produces an environment that calls for sharing of ideas and innovation with their respective managements. If a certain organization lacks proper employee involvement, the enterprise will face the challenge of employee absenteeism and shortage of staff (Pinder 2014). Researchers have found out through their study that Britain faces a major challenge of non-involvement of their employees in organizational decision making, thus giving rise to low job satisfaction. Such employees do not find the zeal to perform their duties and have poor innovation power. This is an important factor on why employees resign from their jobs and go in search for better opportunities that offers effective employee relation (Cummings and Worley 2014). There are certain employee involvement programs that play their part in encouraging and motivating the employees. Ideas Campaign: Involvement of employees through promotion of ideas campaign can be a major booster for the organization which can be achieved by placing dry-erase boards in each of the departments (Vanichchinchai 2012). Employees having new ideas for smooth running of the business can put their opinions or suggestions on the board. That same employee having the idea or suggestion would be responsible for making it happen. For example, an employee recognizes the fact that in moving parts from one table to another it is consuming a lot of time of the workers having the job to assemble the parts. Her solution is to rearrange the tables one next to another in a long row which get rid of the steps that were required to be taken previously. This idea can be immediately implemented and tested out for two weeks to find out whether there is any increase in the productivity. On successful implementation, the idea can be adopted. Employees generating ideas which are approved and adopted succes sfully by the organizations should be presented with some kind of rewards (Boxall and Macky 2014). Safety Committees: Workplace accidents are a common factor, but reducing the same would help in improving the productivity level and attendance of employees. Safety committees are being implemented at workplaces to attain this goal. Each of the committee members should be given a one year term to serve. There should be a proper place for these safety meetings where involvement of at least one member of management is necessary to consider the suggestions. The suggestions and safety programs should go through the committee members. Contests can be held to find out the department that is injury free for the longest period of time to be handled by the committee. An oil refinery with around 350 employees engages its workers in a lot of ways. The employees of the oil refinery acts as monitors of health and safety related issues allocated to precautionary safeguarding contractors. They are the people responsible for improving and revising the safety work procedures. They comprises of a team that improves and evaluate safety analysis regarding jobs. Suggestion Box: Suggestion Box has long become old-fashioned but a suggestion box with a thrust can involve all the employees from throughout the company. Employees can be informed through company memo that all the suggestions will be read on Mondays. A chosen suggestion will be showcased in the newsletter of the company. The worker who has prepared the suggestion can be rewarded with a two hours off with pay any time she selects in the coming next 30 days. Ritzer refers to as McDonaldization and assess the extent to which it applies as a model of organization used in business across industrial sectors According to Ritzer, McDonaldization comprises of four mechanisms which are efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. Efficiency is the most optimal method for achieving a task. Competence in McDonaldization defines that every organizational feature is geared towards time minimization (Senge 2014). From the viewpoint of a customer, efficiency is realized in the best possible way from being hungry to being full. Efficiency takes into consideration the interests of the industry, but serves as a beneficiary to the customer (Kerzner 2013.). Examples of such can be the ATMs, Voice Mail, salad bars. In the efficiency part customers end up doing what has already been done for them. It is for the privilege part that the consumers pay. As per Ritzer and Dean (2015), calculability absorbs the emphasis part on things which needs to be counted and quantified. Quantification takes into account the propensity to highlight quantity rather than excellence. Examples of this can be: Big Gulp and Big Mac and Biggie Meals. It also takes in the time-quicker factor which is often recognized as being better like Losing weight fast and microwaves allowing, Spending much fewer time in kitchen. Workers in organizations as such are evaluated on how fast they can achieve their jobs and not on the quality they produce. Predictability (Engle 2012), refers to an attempt made to constitute our environment in a way that surprise does not influence our sensibilities. The prime example of predictability is the movie industry which is in the habit of churning out sequel after sequel. Author Tom Clancys success along with many others is a depiction of predictability. People get to follow their favorite programs and characters which assure a predictable profit for producers. Shopping is also a predictable factor, taking place in the malls, often happening in the same stores and layouts. The workers in the organizations go through their daily jobs which is highly repetitive and predictable (Larsen, Manning and Pedersen 2013). Control (Dustin 2016), takes into account the standardized form of people who are often replaced or substituted by the non-human technologies. Ritzers argument was that McDonald, on entering a country unifies the patterns of consumers along with westernizing the local cultures through starting of food chains. The best example for such would be the present day classrooms and schools that are becoming way too familiar with that of the Western world. This signifies the fact that the Western Culture which was focusing on the efficient part of knowledge transfer has been spread across the globe. Compare and contrast contingency theory and strategic choice perspectives on what makes for an appropriate and successful organizational structure Contingency plans are effective in making sure that businesses operate in a smooth manner when posed with difficulties and challenges. The contingency theory takes into account the facts that there is absence of any possible way of organizing a corporation, leading a company or making important decisions regarding the same (Van de Ven et al, 2013). Moreover, the main action course is dependent upon the external and internal situation. In Images of Organization, as depicted by Gareth Morgan, organizations are open systems that require cautious administration to balance the internal needs and to familiarize oneself to the circumstances of the environment. Moreover, there is no best way in organizing things, the appropriateness of the form depends on the task kind or the environment that one is part of. Above everything else, management must apprehend in achieving alignments. Fiedlers contingency model focuses on the contingency model in organizational leadership. This contingency model includes the existing relationship between the style of leadership and the situations favorability (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Three empirically derived dimensions are being described by Fiedler to explain the situational favorableness: Leader-member relationship: is generally high if the leader is well accepted and respected Task structures degree: is generally very high if the task is structured Leaders power position: is generally high if a great covenant of power and authority are properly accredited to the position of the leader. Joan Woodward discovered that manufacturing organizations which were financially successful with varied work technologies differed in terms of management levels and the degree of specialization of worker. Joans view was that certain forms of organization were appropriate for certain technologies of work. The size of the organization is another contingent factor to have an impact on the effectiveness of the organizations. Small organizations can be informal in their work process and structure, whereas for big organizations things have to be in formalized shape (Battilana and Casciaro 2012). Small organizations can be controlled by the owner himself, but in case of larger organizations it necessitates a complex and control mechanism which is indirect in nature. The strategic choice perspective (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014) is a systematic theory. The main idea of the theory is to build a belief of interaction in which negative aspects are taken into consideration in order to attain the goals. Problem is not with the predictions that are being made. The analysis part is done at the macro level of the organization in which the cause and effect factors are associated with each other in a linear manner. Little attention is provided to the micro-diversity whereas the interaction part is taken as an uniform manner and harmonious. The strategic choices made forms a part of the learning process in an organization that takes into account both the external environment as well as the internal situation related to politics. It can be so difficult to change organizational culture. Changing an organizational structure is never an easy job. The present scenario will throw a lot of such companies who successfully wants to achieve the goal of changing culture but have failed to attain the same (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). Even if there are certain success stories down the line, it is only a part that has been successfully altered. This gives rise to the question on why is it difficult to change an organizational culture. The answer can only be that people are habitual by nature. Changes of such sort can be good, but then it has to overcome the barrier of peoples comfort level and daily routines. Another important aspect can be people not understanding the procedure or importance of creating an organizational structure, thus not putting much effort in areas that needs more attention and nurturing in order to have a healthy organizational culture. It is important from an individual or a groups point of view to know the culture that already exists in an organization and which needs to be changed. The final goal of transformation is an important factor that needs to be known in order to bring in a cultural change in the organizations (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey 2013). Often it happens that bringing in smaller changes can affect the bigger picture and it is only possible if the people who are assigned for that particular job know in full details on what the existing culture is all about. Change can only be possible if one knows what exists before. Changing the culture of an existing organization is a hard job. It requires a lot of shifting which forces the employees to discard the old assumptions, values and other routine works before incorporating to the new changes in their normal agenda (Daft 2012). For a change to happen in the organizational culture, company executives need to offer a persistent support along with a well structured and executed training program. Examples of such a scenario can be when a new chief executive gets selected from outside the organization. In such circumstances two things can follow; either a substantial period will follow with modest changes taking place till the time the chief executive gets to know about the organization, or a stressful period along with personnel turnover while a new business culture gets developed. According to Nielsen and Randall (2012), at times change becomes inevitable, and organizations under extreme pressure do get inclined towards that changes and such pressures can be either external to the association or a consequence of a very tough leadership. Mr. Ramsford, the president of PSB College, hired his cousin Peter, whose selection raised a few eyebrows and became a worrying factor among the college staffs. Peter made his way from the high-tech university. At PSB people never felt anything needs a change. In the first month at PSB, Peter made a few changes regarding the dress code and policies regarding the dining policies. Wearing jeans or eating at their desks during class time became prohibited. The main idea of Peter was to create an environment that could attract a new target market of students. The staff at PSB was pretty used to their old ways and attitudes, so much so that they became aggrieved to small changes. They stick together refused to change their ways and habits. One morning when Peter was making his way through the hallways, he observed that Professor William was having his burger while working with a science student. Later that day he noticed Professor Matthew wearing flip-flops during a sociology lecture. Eve n Mr. Ramsford was marked wearing his preferred Hawaiian shirt on campus. The staff of the college looked up to Mr. Ramsford whose relaxed attitude and behavior created a casual work environment. The culture needed a change and the changes were being met with resistance. The influence that social and cultural factors can have upon any attempt at planned organizational change Organizations have to adjust for certain social and cultural environmental changes. Social changes can take place for things like spreading of knowledge and education, and efforts taken in by the government (Cummings and Worley 2014). Social factors like providing equal opportunities to women, equal work pay are some of the challenges that the management faces in the current scenario. The management has to pursue definite social norms in structuring its marketing, employment and certain other policies. An organizational cultural change necessitates some insights to what the existing culture is all about and how altering it can bring about a meaningful change. Organizational Structures: This is about the hierarchy, or who reports to whom and why Rituals and routines: Group interactions are prepared in a business setting, the simple example being having meetings on a weekly basis. The sex of the employee: This does affect an organizational culture. There are certain organizations where there is still male dominance over their female counterparts. Male employees are generally very aggressive whereas the female are rather caring and softhearted. The foremost factor influencing culture is the individuals work process with an organization. In their own way the employees contribute to the workplaces culture. Attitudes, mentalities, perception of employees also affect the organizations culture. Examples: Defense background people generally follow a strict culture where their employees abide by the policies and guidelines. They are never late to work. The mindset of employees generally forms the culture of the place. Youngsters in an organization promote healthy competition. Certain procedures and strategies are designed in a way to attain the objectives of the organization that contributes to its culture. Fast paced industries such a s event management and advertising anticipate their employees to be more considerate, belligerent and actively hyper. Reference: Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), pp.839-859. Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T., 2012. Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), pp.381-398. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Boxall, P. and Macky, K., 2014. High-involvement work processes, work intensification and employee well-being.Work, Employment Society,28(6), pp.963-984. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Dustin, D., 2016.The McDonaldization of social work. Routledge. Engle, J., 2012. McDonaldization: An Analysis of George Ritzer's Theories and Assertions.J. Peace Prosperity Freedom,1, p.113. Gallie, D., 2013. Direct participation and the quality of work.Human Relations,66(4), pp.453-473. Gatenby, M., Truss, K., Rees, C., Soane, E. and Alfes, K., 2014. Managing change, or changing managers? Challenging the role of line management in UK public services.Public Management Review. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013.Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larsen, M.M., Manning, S. and Pedersen, T., 2013. Uncovering the hidden costs of offshoring: The interplay of complexity, organizational design, and experience.Strategic Management Journal,34(5), pp.533-552. Marchington, M. and Suter, J., 2013. Where Informality Really Matters: Patterns of Employee Involvement and Participation (EIP) in a Non?Union Firm.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,52(s1), pp.284-313. Nielsen, K. and Randall, R., 2012. The importance of employee participation and perceptions of changes in procedures in a teamworking intervention.Work Stress,26(2), pp.91-111. Paauwe, J.A.A.P., Boon, C.O.R.I.N.E., Boselie, P.A.U.L. and Hartog, D., 2012. Reconceptualising fit in strategic human resource management:Lost in translation?.HRM and performance: Achievements and challenges, pp.61-78. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Ritzer, G. and Dean, P., 2015.Globalization: A basic text. John Wiley Sons. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M.G. and Macey, W.H., 2013. Organizational climate and culture.Annual review of psychology,64, pp.361-388. Senge, P.M., 2014.The fifth discipline fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. Crown Business. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: how managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Storey, J., 2014.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Townsend, K., 2014. The role of front line managers in employee voice.The handbook of research on employee voice: Participation and involvement in the workplace, pp.155-169. Van de Ven, A.H., Ganco, M. and Hinings, C.R., 2013. Returning to the frontier of contingency theory of organizational and institutional designs.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.393-440. Vanichchinchai, A., 2012. The relationship between employee involvement, partnership management and supply performance: Findings from a developing country.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(2), pp.157-172.

Subtlety Plays A Most Significant Role In The Setting Of The Lottery.

Subtlety plays a most significant role in the setting of "The Lottery." The setting set forth by Shirley Jackson in the beginning of the short story creates a mood of peacefulness and tranquillity. It also creates a visual image in the mind of the reader, the image of a typical town on a normal summer day. Shirley Jackson effectively uses setting in "The Lottery" to foreshadow an ironic ending. This is developed through a description of the physical setting, a general description of the residents, subtle hints throughout the story and the names of the main characters. These concepts all give the reader a better understanding of the setting and therefore a more enjoyable read. Shirley Jackson begins "The Lottery" by establishing the setting, she also comments that school has just been recently let out for summer break, allowing the reader to infer that it is early summer. The setting of the town is described by the author as that of any normal rural community. She describes the grass as richly green and that the flowers were blooming profusely." These descriptions of the surroundings give the reader a serene feeling about the town. These descriptions make the reader comfortable about the surroundings, as if there is nothing wrong in this quaint town. In the first paragraph, Shirley Jackson describes the town to her readers very generally. The town is mentioned in the opening paragraph, where she sets the location in the town square. The town square is an important location for the beginning and ending of the story will all occur there, witch leaves the impression of a full and complete story. Also, Shirley Jackson successfully creates a comfortable atmosphere while describing the residents of the town. She describes the children gathering together and breaking into boisterous play." When the children are described to the reader, it is mentioned that they are gathering rocks. This is ironic because they will use the rocks to kill a member of their town. The men are described as gathering together and talking about planting and rain, tractors and taxes." The women of this community were exchanging bits of gossip." All three activities are common to today's society. These descriptions give the reader a wider perspective of the setting and a deeper outlook into the development of the story. Up to this point in the story Shirley Jackson has not pointed out anything out of the ordinary that would reflect an ironic ending. However, upon further reading, Shirley Jackson gives the reader hints about the unusualness of this town. First, she sets the time of day to be midmorning. Why would the town have a lottery during the day? Further, she fails to describe a church or courthouses which are common buildings to all communities. Is there no protection for the citizens? She points out the fact that the children are building a great pile of stones in one corner of the square." These points should lead the reader to consider that this town is far from normal. Still, most readers believe this town is peaceful. The introduction of the black box is a key turning point for the mood. The black box symbolizes an immoral act to the villagers. This is evident in the fact that the villagers kept their distance from the black box. After the introduction of the black box the villagers become uneasy. The black box is the key that changes the mood from serene and peaceful to ominous. Further foreshadowing by the author leads the reader to consider the town to be odd and peculiar. For instance, the names of the residents foreshadow unfavorable events about to occur. The lottery is conducted by Mr. Summers, the time of year the lottery takes place. Mr. Summers is helped by Mr. Graves, who has often stored the black box for the lottery. Graves is a name commonly associated with death. Hutchison is used because Shirley Jackson wants her reader to relate themselves to this common name. These names foreshadow what is about to occur. The death of an innocent woman, in the name of tradition. Shirley Jackson creates the mood of a typical town on a normal summer morning. This setting creates an atmosphere of tranquillity and

Sacco Vanzetti essays

Sacco Vanzetti essays Post World War I nativism was expected and to some extent justified, but was taken to an extreme in the Sacco and Vanzetti case. At this time people were terrified of foreigners and disregarded the fact that any American citizen came to America from either them immigrating or a relative who did. People feared immigrants immensely and viewed many of them as communists. The Sacco and Vanzetti case is a prime example of how people react in prejudiced times. Several factors contributed to Nativism. Propaganda helped contribute to the popular belief of nativism. The Red Scare contributed to Nativism as well. Anything out of the normal way of life or so to speak going against the grain was labeled as communist and struck panic into the country. American people believed what they were told without even considering other options. An example of this is the Judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti case. He was already was prejudiced against them before he heard what they had to say. This lead to the extension of their sentence and unjustifiable deaths. Nativism has many consequences. Many immigrants were taken to Ellis Island, which served as almost a prison for them because people were scared that they were communists and were here to destroy America. The dangers of nativism are really important because it turned neighbors against neighbors and spread a general distrust among everyone. The country was getting divided because of race, religion and beliefs. Terrible things happened because of peoples ignorance and they were too blind to see that nativism threw everyones perspective on the world off. If there werent prejudiced against foreigners then Sacco and Vanzetti may have had a fair trial and could have proved their innocence. Nativism was a terrible thing, but it is only natural to fear the unknown. ...

Some or Any for Absolute Beginners to English

Some or Any for Absolute Beginners to English The use of some and any is rather challenging for absolute beginner English learners. You will need to be especially careful and model many times when introducing some and any. Repeating students mistakes while accenting the mistaken word is especially helpful as the student will be prompted to change his / her response. Practicing some and any also offers a perfect opportunity to review the use of there is and there are to introduce countable and uncountable nouns. You will need to bring in some illustrations of both countable and uncountable objects. I find a picture of a living room with many objects helpful. Part I: Introducing Some and Any With Countable Objects Prepare the lesson by writing Some and a number such as 4 at the top of the board. Under these headings, add a list of the countable and uncountable objects that you have introduced - or will be introducing - during the lesson. This will help students recognize the concept of countable and uncountable. Teacher: ​(Take an illustration or picture that contains many objects.) Are there any oranges in this picture? Yes, there are some oranges in that picture. (Model any and some by accenting any and some in the question and response. This use of accenting differing words with your intonation helps students learn that any is used in the question form and some in a positive statement.) Teacher: (Repeat with several different countable objects.)  Are there any  glasses in this picture? Yes, there are some  glasses in that picture. Teacher: Are there any  glasses in this picture? No, there arent ​any  glasses in that picture. There are  some apples. (Repeat with several different countable objects.) Teacher: Paolo, are there any books in this picture? Student(s): Yes, there are some books in that picture. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part II: Introducing Some and Any With Uncountable Objects (At this point you might want to point out the list you have written on the board.) Teacher: (Take an illustration or picture that contains an uncountable object such as water.) Is there any  water in this picture? Yes, there is some  water in that picture. Teacher: (Take an illustration or picture that contains an uncountable object such as water.) Is there  any  cheese in this picture? Yes, there is some  cheese in that picture. Teacher: Paolo, is there any cheese in this picture? Student(s): Yes, there is some cheese in that picture. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part III: Students ask questions Teacher: (Hand out the various images to the students, you can also make a game out of this by turning over the images and having students choose one from the pile.) Teacher: Paolo, ask Susan a question. Student(s): Is there any water in this picture? Student(s): Yes, there is some water in that picture. OR No, there isnt any water in that picture. Student(s): Are there any oranges in this picture? Student(s): Yes, there are some oranges in that picture. OR No, there arent any oranges in that picture. Teacher: (Continue around the room - make sure to repeat students incorrect sentences accenting the mistake so that they may correct themselves.)

Wage Rate Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wage Rate Analysis - Case Study Example Factory overheads can be defined as related expenditure that the company might have to incur when it undertake the above mentioned engineering contract. Examples of factory overhead would be depreciation of the machinery and equipment, rent of the space in which the facilities of the company is housed, utilities expenses such as electricity consumption expense pertaining to the operation of machinery etc. Now these factories overhead can further be divided into two classes same as the wage rate, which are fixed overhead and variable overhead. From the aforementioned list, the variable overhead expense would be the electricity consumption which is specifically dependent upon the running time of the machine. Electricity overhead expenditure would be greater if the machinery is utilized for a longer duration in the contract and vice versa. In addition, other variable overhead expenditure such as depreciation and rent are fixed expenditure in nature. This can be explained by considering the fact that whether the company accepts the contract or not depreciation would be recorded in the books of the company on account of normal wear and tear of the machinery. Similarly, whether the company utilized its resources on the contract it has to pay the rent of the site in which the facilities are houses. The expenditure of this sort is fixed in the short term and is not dependent upon the outcome of activity. Thus while quoting the price to the government; the contractor must carefully consider the above mentioned aspects into consideration and then quote a relevant per hour price. The contract price calculation per hour must include all relevant variable factory overhead. It must be ensured that only those variable overheads which are directly related to the project and is dependent on the outcome of the project, such overheads which are variable and not related to the outcome of the project must not be included in the project. Fixed factory overheads must not be included in the per hour contract price as they will be expended whether the contract was accepted or not. 2. For further clarity, the wage rate should be broken down into fixed and variable parts. The fixed part of any cost is that which is not dependent upon the level of output and does not change even if the output increases or decreases. The variable part of any cost is entirely dependent upon the level of output. Exercise 2 Category Wage Rate Percentage of Contractual Effort Total Hour Spent Total Wage Expense Scientist 25 10% 800 20,000 Senior Engineer 23 15% 1,200 27,600 Engineer Assistant 14 5% 400 5,600 Trainee 7 70% 5,600 39,200 Total 8,000 92,400 Per Hour Wage 11.55 The use of weighted average wage rate is quite appropriate in the circumstances. The contract comprises of various category of engineering experts ranging from the scientist to the trainee. Each category of the engineering expert charges a different wage per hour as compared to the other based on their experience. The scientist, being the most knowledgeable and experienced charges $25 per hour whereas the trainee charges a mere $7 which shows the range of wage rate per hour. On the other hand, if we analyze the time spent on the contract

Informative Speech about Apple Watch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative Speech about Apple Watch - Essay Example Apple watch work like the iPhone, it allows one communicate and connect with other people with apple watches. This watch is the best companion for people who need large print options, mono audio, and speech output among other accessibility options. Apple watch is Quadrangular in shape with curved edges. The apple watch is worn on the left wrist. The left edge has a speaker slot and across the â€Å"friends† button, the microphone slit can be seen. At the right edge, the top has a round digital crown while at the bottom an oval sided â€Å"friends† button. The top face contains a touch screen with a screen editing feature at the curved sides. The back face has a magnetic charger and sensor devices. Pin holes (two) on each side to allow detachment of bands by simply pressing on them. The apple watch is smooth and fans to wear on the wrist. It looks more of a piece of glass. The Digital interface is easy to operate, by reading the documentation one can easily set it up. Most actions are accomplished by either turning or pressing. The â€Å"friends† button is operated by pressing. Connecting the magnetic charger of other Company watches is complicated than the Apple watch. By the help of the magnet, the connection can be corrected by being moved to the required position, the sunken edge at the side helps one identify the correct charging area. The touch screen is sapphire-glass protected and has resolution features with colorful exploration making it a fashionable piece to wear while the features enable the use of gestures to communicate. I direct my talk into Apple and sport watch dimensions. The apple watch sport is much lighter and the best for outdoor. It has leather loop band and a rubber band to hold tight but smooth without causing possible injuries to your wrist during a walk out, in athletics or even in the gym. The sizes vary, 38 millimeters and 42 millimeters and one can choose what he/she feels attracted. The

River ching sports centre Essay Example for Free

River ching sports centre Essay The main type of storage used in the ICT department is The Hard Disk, which is the main internal backing store. They are a common form of data storage which are usually found inside computers. , which can b used on both, stand-alone and networked computers. Each hard disk which is used in the ICT dept contains a lot of concentric tracks, where these tracks are divided into sectors. The data is then stored into those sectors. Moving directly to data on a disk drive is called random access, which might occur at times. Most disks will be able to store data on both sides. The main benefit of the hard drives for the ICT department is that they have a pretty large capacity, and is now common in a desktop. Another type of storage that the ICT department uses is The floppy disks, which are a common external backing storage. They are very useful for transferring data between computers and for keeping a back up of work files. They help the ICT department, as they are very protective, as they can read/write heads access the disk through holes in the protective sleeves, furthermore they are disk read-only which helps to reduce the chances of data being accidentally overwritten and lost. They are small and portable, where data can be transferred between different computers. For the ICT department, they need a drive, which can read data from a disk. The ICT department uses floppy disks and CD-ROMS as thy have a longer access times than hard disks. Additionally, Compact disks are also used, as they hold large quantities of data in the form of text, sound, still pictures or even video clips. CDS can be now available in three forms; 1) CD-ROMS 2) CD-R 3)-CD-RW The ICT department use the CD-ROMS, as it is a read only memory. In other words, you can only read from the disc, not write or store data onto it. This type is the most common sort of CD available and is the way most software programs are sold. It is a memory storage device but which would not be considered as a backing-store as the user cannot write to the disk. A network is a two or more computer connected together. Computers in a network can communicate with each other. The computer needs a network interface card to connect to a network. The ICT department are a part of the LAN network (local area network), which is a network that you see in most offices and schools. LANs are small, local networks. They usually need the following hardware in order to operate; . A network file server, which is a dedicated computer, that runs the software needed by the network and stores the files that users have created. . Terminals are individual workstations that give access to the network. Using a terminal gives access to the networks software and files. . Print server, this is when a group of terminals share use of a printer then the system needs a print server. For the network to operate, data needs to be sent to and from all parts of the network. This can be done using wire cables or fibre optic cables, or via radio signals. The ICT department also uses the STAR NETWORK, which gives access to a central computer. Star networks are used when a large number of workstations need to be connected to a central computer such as the mainframe. Each workstation is connected directly to the central computer. There are few advantages, such as performance in one part of the network is unaffected by events elsewhere, also cable failure is less of a problem which doesnt affect other users. The department includes; . A Video Digitiser is another input device, which enables video signals from a standard camcorder to be displayed in a window on the computer screen. . A Network Cards are another use of input device where in order to connect to a local area network the computer must have a network card fitted. These cards slot into the main circuit board at the back of the computer enabling data to pass between the computers a network cables. These types of networks and cards are very helpful towards the Riverching sports centre, as they include many functions and allow many jobs to be taken place very easily and efficiently. And lastly it makes working much more faster, and complex r so that the work can be done to a greater standard and of higher quality. The ICT DEPARTMENT, use colour laser printers. . Colour Laser Printers are called page printers, because the data to be printed is sent to the printer in complete pages-one page at a time. They work on the same principle as photocopiers. Lasers are very quite printers and give high quality print, which is also an advantage in the marketing department. The majority of laser printers are sold black and white, however colour laser printers are falling in price and becoming much more popular. This type of Printer helps the RiverChing Sports centre to communicate and function properly as it enables you to print out work of colour for better perceptive, or even just for simple reasons. SOFTWARE; The ICT department has all softwares that all other departments include, such as . Desktop Publishing Software package (DTP) . Word-processing Software Package Graphics Software Package . Browser Software Package . Web Authoring Software Package . Spreadsheets . Database Publishing They all operate utilities, such as print manager, and virus-scanning software. (3) Finance Department This is the department where it uses ICT, for buying equipment, and sorting out wages, and receipts. Hardware; The hardware department only has one computer, which deals with all financial issues. Input; An input device is any hardware, which is used to enter data into the computer system. An input device would include devices such as the Keyboard, which is the most common way of entering data into a computer. Another input device would include the Mouse, scanners, an OCR, OMR, Video Digitiser, Speech or voice input, MIDI, and lastly LDRs. A storage device retains its contents when the computer is switched off and is used to hold programs and data. All computers have some form of hard storage. The Finance department uses the b storage (also known as the secondary storage), which is any data-storage area outside the CPU. Administration This is the department where it uses ICT, for the Receptionist, also dealing with photocopying and even filing. Human Resource This is the department where it uses ICT for personal recruitment and training , health and safety and lastly pensions.

The Treason Trial of Aaron Burr :: essays research papers

In the months between and including May and September, in 1807, Aaron Burr was tried by the Supreme Court in Virginia on the count of treason against the United States. During the period of 1804 to 1807, Burr allegedly committed several overt acts, which are actions, that may be innocent in themselves, but in combination with the intentions and results of that act, become criminal actions. The trial was about treason, which the Constitution defines as â€Å"levying war against [the United States], or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid or comfort,â€Å" (Art. III, Sect. 3) and the prosecution must prove that Burr committed the overt act with the testimony of two witnesses, for the treason conviction to stand. In this trial, Burr’s actions outside of the state of Virginia have no bearing on the overt act of assembling troops to levy war against the United States, and therefore the majority of his admissible actions occurred on Blennerhasset’s Island in Virgi nia. (Doc 108) Although the prosecution made a strong case for Burr’s guilt, the differentiation between his intentions and his actions, his background as an American patriot and the lack of concrete evidence, one must conclude that Aaron Burr is not guilty of treason. He perhaps was even the victim of a larger governmental conspiracy to rid him of all prestige, honor and legacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prosecution tried to prove that Burr used his power to assemble an army of men to conquer New Orleans, then Mexico and eventually found a new nation composed of the Western American states and Mexico. The fault in their argument is that his actions do not necessarily point directly towards this conclusion. It is true that Burr wrote letters and even discussed a new war with Spain and the formation of a new nation, but this does not constitute treason for â€Å"individuals may meet together and traitorously determine to make dispositions to bring forces into the field, and levy war against their country; this is a conspiracy, but not treason.† (Doc 108) Therefore, even if Burr intended to eventually enact his plan, the simple act of planning it does not constitute treason. But even the true intentions of Burr remain unclear, for he had recently purchased 400,000 acres of land in the Western states and perhaps he assembled these men to settle it. (Doc 33) His actions of enlisting men, arming them and supplying them does not constitute treason because the overt act remains innocent without confirmation of intent to harm the United States.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 3

God, it stank. RashelJordan had seen a lot of vampire lairs in her seventeen years, but this was probably the most disgusting. She held her breath as she stirred the nest of tattered cloth with the toe of one boot. She could read the story of this collection of garbage as easily as if the inhabitant had written out a full confession, signed it, and posted it on the wall. One vampire. A rogue, an outcast who lived on the fringe of both the human world and the Night World. He probably moved to anew city every few weeks to avoid getting caught. And he undoubtedly looked like any other homeless guy, except that none of the human homeless would be hanging around aBoston dock on a Tuesday night in early March. He brings his victims here, Rashel thought. The pier's deserted, it's private, he can take his time with them. And of course he can't resist keeping a few trophies. Her foot stirred them gently. A pink-and-blue knit baby jacket, a plaid sash from a school uniform, a Spiderman tennis shoe. All bloodstained. All very small. There had been a rash of missing children lately. TheBoston police would never discover where they had gone-but now Rashel knew. She felt her lips draw back slightly from her teeth in something that wasn't really a smile. She was aware of everything around her: the soft plash of water against the wooden pier, the rank coppery smell that was almost a taste, the darkness of a night lit only by a half moon. Even the light moisture of the cold breeze against her skin. She was aware of all of it without being preoccupied with any of it-and when the tiny scratch sounded behind her, she moved as smoothly and gracefully as if she were taking her turn in a dance. She pivoted on her left foot, drawing her bokken in the same motion, and without a break in the movement, she stabbed straight to the vampire's chest. She drove the blow from her hips, exhaling in a hiss as she did it, putting all her strength behind it. â€Å"Gotta be faster than that,† she said. The vampire, skewered like a hot dog, waved his arms and gibbered. He was dressed in filthy clothing and his hair was a bushy tangle. His eyes were wide, full of surprise and hatred, shining as silver as an animal's in the faint light. His teeth weren't so much fangs as tusks: fully extended, they reached almost to his chin. â€Å"I know,† Rashel said. â€Å"You really, really wanted to kill me. Life's tough, isn't it?† The vampire snarled one more time and then the silver went out of his eyes, leaving only the look of astonishment. His body stiffened and slumped backward. It lay still on the ground. Grimacing, Rashel pulled her wooden sword out of the chest. She started to wipe the blade on the vampire's pants, then hesitated, peering at them more closely. Yes, those were definitely little crawly things. And the blankets were just as repulsive. Oh, well. Use your own jeans. It won't be the first time. She carefully wiped the bokken clean. It was two and a half feet long and just slightly, gracefully curved, with a narrow, sharp, angled tip. Designed to penetrate a body as efficiently as possible-if that body was susceptible to wood. The sword slipped back into its sheath with a papery whisper. Then Rashel glanced at the body again. Mr. Vampire was already going mummified. His skin was now yellow and tough; his staring eyes were dried up, his lips shrunken, his tusks collapsed. Rashel bent over him, reaching into her back pocket. What she pulled out looked like the snapped-off end of a bamboo backscratcher-which was exactly what it was. She'd had it for years. Very precisely, Rashel drew the five lacquered fingers of the scratcher down the vampire's forehead. On the yellow skin five brown marks appeared, like the marks of a cat's claws. Vampire skin was easy to mark tight after death. â€Å"This kitten has claws,† she murmured. It was a ritual sentence; she'd repeated it ever since the night she'd killed her first vampire at the age of twelve. In memory of her mother, who'd always called her kitten. In memory of herself at age five, and all the innocence she'd lost. She'd never be a helpless kitten again. Besides, it was a little joke. Vampires†¦ bats. Herself†¦ a cat. Anybody who'd grown up with Batman and Catwoman would get it. Well. All done. Whistling softly, she rolled the body over and over with her foot to the end of the pier. She didn't feel like carting the mummy all the way out to the fens, the salt marshes where bodies were traditionally left inBoston . With a mental apology to everybody who was trying to clean up the harbor, she gave the corpse a final push and listened for the splash. She was still whistling as she emerged from the pier onto the street. Hi-ho, hi-ho, it's off to work we go— She was in a very good mood. The only disappointment was the constant one, that it hadn't been the vampire, the one she'd been looking for ever since she'd been five years old. It had been a rogue, all right-a depraved monster who killed human kids foolishly close to human habitations. But it hadn't been the rogue. Rashel would never forget his face. And she knew that someday she would see it again. Meanwhile, there was nothing to do but shish-kebab as many of the parasites as possible. She scanned the streets as she walked, alert for any sign of Night People. All she saw were quiet brick buildings and streetlights shining pale gold. And that was a shame, because she was in terrific form tonight; she could feel it. She was every bloodsucking leech's worst enemy. She could stake six of them before breakfast and still be fresh for chemistry first period at Wassaguscus High. Rashel stopped suddenly, absent-mindedly melting into a shadow as a police car cruised silently down the cross-street ahead. I know, she thought. I'll go see what the Lancers are up to. If anybody knows where vampires are, they do. She headed for the North End. Half an hour later she was standing in front of a brownstone apartment building, ringing the buzzer. â€Å"Who's there?† Instead of answering, Rashel said, â€Å"The night has a thousand eyes.† â€Å"And the day only one,† came the reply from the intercom. â€Å"Hey there, girl. Come on up.† Inside, Rashel climbed a dark and narrow stairway to a scarred wooden door. There was a peephole in the door. Rashel faced it squarely, then pulled off the scarf she'd been wearing. It was black, silky, and very long. She wore it wrapped around her head and face like a veil, so that only her eyes showed, and even they were in shadow. She shook out her hair, knowing what the person on the other side could see. A tall girl dressed like a ninja, all hi black, with black hair falling loose around her shoulders and green eyes blazing. She hadn't changed much since she was five, except in height. Right now she made a barbaric face at the peephole and heard the sound of laughter behind the door as bolts were drawn. She waited until the door was shut behind her again before she said, â€Å"Hi, Elliot.† Elliot was a few years older than she was, and thin, with intense eyes and little shiny glasses that were always slipping off his nose. Some people would have dismissed him as a geek. But Rashel had once seen him stand up to two werewolves while she got a human girl out a window, and she knew that he had practically single-handedly started the Lancers-one of the most successful organizations of vampire hunters on the east coast. â€Å"What's up, Rashel? It's been a while.† â€Å"I've been busy. But now I'm bored. I came to see if you guys had anything going.† As Rashel spoke, she was looking at the other people in the room. A brown-haired girl was kneeling, loading objects from boxes into a dark green backpack. Another girl and a boy were sitting on the couch. Rashel recognized the boy from other Lancers meetings, but neither of the girls were familiar. â€Å"Lucky you,† Elliot said. â€Å"This is Vicky, my new second-in-command.† He nodded at the girl on the floor. â€Å"She just moved toBoston ; she was the leader of a group on the south shore. And tonight she's taking a little expedition out to some warehouses in Mission Hill. We got a lead that there's been some activity out there.† â€Å"What kind of activity? Leeches, puppies?† Elliot shrugged. â€Å"Vampires definitely. Werewolves maybe. There's been a rumor about teenage girls getting kidnapped and stashed somewhere around there. The problem is we don't know exactly where, or why.† He tilted his head, his eyes twinkling. â€Å"You want to go?† â€Å"Isn't anybody going to ask me?† Vicky said, straightening up from her backpack. Her pale blue eyes were fixed on Rashel. â€Å"I've never even seen this girl before. She could be one of them.† Elliot pushed his glasses higher on his nose. He looked amused. â€Å"You wouldn't say that if you knew, Vicky. Rashel's the best.† â€Å"At what?† â€Å"At everything. When you were going to your fancy prep school, she was out in theChicago slums staking vampires. She's been inL.A. ,New York ,New Orleans†¦ even Vegas. She's wiped out more parasites than the rest of us put together.† Elliot glanced mischievously at Rashel, then leaned toward Vicki. â€Å"Ever heard of the Cat?† he said. Vicki's head snapped up. She stared at Rashel. â€Å"The Cat? The one all the Night People are afraid of? The one they're offering a reward for? The one who leaves a mark-â€Å" Rashel shot Elliot a warning look. â€Å"Never mind,† she said. She wasn't sure she trusted these new people. Vicky was right about one thing: you couldn't be too careful. And she didn't like Vicky much, but she could hardly turn down such a good opportunity for vampire hunting. Not tonight, when she was in such terrific form. â€Å"I'll go with you-if you'll have me,† she said. Vicky's pale blue eyes bored into Rashel's a moment, then she nodded. â€Å"Just remember I'm in charge.† â€Å"Sure,† Rashel murmured. She could see Elliot's grin out of the corner of her eye. â€Å"You know Steve, and that's Nyala.† Elliot indicated the boy and girl on the couch. Steve had blond hair, muscular shoulders, and a steady expression; Nyala had skin like cocoa and a faraway look in her eyes, as if she were sleepwalking. â€Å"Nyala's new. She just lost her sister a month ago,† Elliot added in a gentle voice. He didn't need to say how the sister had been lost. Rashel nodded at the girl. She sympathized. There was nothing quite like the shock of first discovering the Night World, when you realized that things like vampires and witches and werewolves were real, and that they were everywhere, joined in one giant secret organization. That anybody could be one, and you'd never know until it was too late. â€Å"Everybody ready? Then let's go,† Vicky said, and Steve and Nyala got up. Elliot showed them to the door. â€Å"Good luck,† he said. Outside, Vicky led the way to a dark blue car with mud strategically caked on the license plates. â€Å"We'll drive to the warehouse area,† she said. Rashel was relieved. She was used to walking the city streets at night without being seen-important when you were carrying a rather unconcealable sword-but she wasn't sure that these other three could manage. It took practice. The drive was silent except for the murmur of Steve's voice occasionally helping Vicky with directions. They passed through respectable neighborhoods and venerable areas with handsome old buildings until they got to a street where everything changed suddenly. All at once, as if they had crossed some invisible dividing line, the gutters were full of soggy trash and the fences were topped with razor wire. The buildings were government housing projects, dark warehouses, or rowdy bars. Vicky pulled into a parking lot and stopped the car away from the security lights. Then she led them through the knee-high dead weeds of a vacant lot to a street that was poorly lighted and utterly silent. â€Å"This is the observation post,† Vicky whispered, as they reached a squat brick building, a part of the housing project that had been abandoned. Following her, they zigzagged through debris and scrap metal to get to a side door, and then they climbed a dark staircase covered with graffiti to the third floor. Their flashlights provided the only illumination. â€Å"Nice place,† Nyala whispered, looking around. She had obviously never seen anything like it before. â€Å"Don't you think-there may be other people here besides vampires?† Steve gave her a reassuring pat. â€Å"No, it's okay.† â€Å"Yeah, it looks like even the junkies have abandoned it,† Rashel said, grimly amused. â€Å"You can see the whole street from the window,† Vicky put in shortly. â€Å"Elliot and I were here yesterday watching those warehouses across the street. And last night we saw a guy at the end of the street who looked a lot like a vampire. You know the signs.† Nyala opened her mouth as if to say she didn't know the signs, but Rashel was already speaking. â€Å"Did you test him?† â€Å"We didn't want to get that close. We'll do it tonight if he shows up again.† â€Å"How do you test them?† Nyala asked. Vicky didn't answer. She and Steve had pushed aside a couple of rat-chewed mattresses and were unloading the bags and backpacks they'd brought. Rashel said, â€Å"One way is to shine a flashlight in their eyes. Usually you get eye-shine back-like an animal's.† â€Å"There are other ways, too,† Vicky said, setting the things she was unloading on the bare boards of the floor. There were ski masks, knives made of both metal and wood, a number of stakes of various sizes, and a mallet. Steve added two clubs made of white oak to the pile. â€Å"Wood hurts them more than metal,† Vicky said to Nyala. â€Å"If you cut them with a steel knife they heal right before your eyes-but cut them with wood and they keep bleeding.† Rashel didn't quite like the way she said it. And she didn't like the last thing Vicky was pulling out of her backpack. It was a wooden device that looked a bit like a miniature stock. Two hinged blocks of wood that fit snugly around a person's wrists and closed with a lock. â€Å"Vampire handcuffs,† Vicky said proudly, seeing her look. â€Å"Made of white oak. Guaranteed to hold any parasite. I brought them from down south.† â€Å"But hold them for what? And what do you need all those little knives and stakes for? It would take hours to kill a vampire with those.† Vicky smiled fiercely. â€Å"I know.† Oh. Rashel's heart seemed to thump and then sink, and she looked away to control her reaction. She understood what Vicky had in mind now. Torture. â€Å"A quick death's too good for them,† Vicky said, still smiling. â€Å"They deserve to suffer-the way they make our people suffer. Besides, we might get some information. We need to know where they're keeping the girls they kidnap, and what they're doing with them.† â€Å"Vicky.† Rashel spoke earnestly. â€Å"It's practically impossible to make vampires talk. They're stubborn. When they're hurt they just get angry-like animals.† Vicky smirked. â€Å"I've made some talk. It just depends on what you do, and how long you make it last. Anyway, there's no harm in trying.† â€Å"Does Elliot know about this?† Vicky lifted a shoulder defensively. â€Å"Elliot lets me do things my way. I don't have to tell him every little detail. I was a leader myself, you know.† Helplessly, Rashel looked at Nyala and Steve. And saw that for the first time Nyala's eyes had lost their sleepwalking expression. Now she looked awake- and savagely glad. â€Å"Yes,† she said. â€Å"We should try to make the vampire talk. And if he suffers-well, my sister suffered. When I found her, she was almost dead but she could still talk. She told me what it felt like, having all the blood drained out of her body while she was still conscious. She said it hurt. She said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nyala stopped, swallowed, and looked at Vicky. â€Å"I want to help do it,† she said thickly. Steve didn't say anything, but then from what Rashel knew of him, that was typical. He was a guy of few words. Anyway, he didn't protest. Rashel felt odd, as if she were seeing the very worst of herself reflected in a mirror. It made her†¦ ashamed. It left her shaken. But who am I to judge? she thought, turning away. It's true that the parasites are evil, all of them. The whole race needs to be wiped out. And Vicky's right, why should they have a clean death, when they usually don't give their victims one? Nyala deserves to avenge her sister. â€Å"Unless you object or something,† Vicky said heavily, and Rashel could feel those pale blue eyes on her. â€Å"Unless you're some kind of vampire sympathizer.† Rashel might have laughed at that, but she wasn't in a laughing mood. She took a breath, then said without turning around, â€Å"It's your show. I agreed that you were in charge.† â€Å"Good,† Vicky said, and returned to her work. But the sick feeling in the pit of Rashel's stomach didn't go away. She almost hoped that the vampire wouldn't come.

Belonging in As You Like It Essay

The need to belong can cause us to develop comforting relationships, powerful social groups, productive workplace teams, and inspiring religious and national bonds. But it can also be responsible for hurtful and damaging behaviour when those who are unable or unwilling to adapt are forced to conform or are completely excluded. These two aspects of belonging are evident in Shakespeare’s As You Like It, and Kevin Costner’s film Dances with Wolves and W. H. Auden’s satiric poem ‘The Unknown Citizen’. Shakespeare makes us aware of the contrasting qualities of the natural harmonious forest (where everyone seems contented and loving) and the corrupt, pompous court, controlled by the usurper Duke Frederick with his use of symbolic juxtaposition and allusion to. His fury over his daughter’s close relationship with Rosalind (the daughter of the displaced Duke Senior) reinforces their close bond. Celia describes the two of them with a harmonious image from the natural world: â€Å"coupled and inseparable.. like Juno’s swans†. Dramatically, Shakespeare emphasises their closeness by including their good-hearted banter, and having them adopt disguises before entering the forest. Their supportive relationship gives them strength, so that instead of feeling grief as a result of their expulsion from court, they focus on the positive. Celia’s comments help us to see court and forest as binary opposites when she declares â€Å"now go we in content to liberty and not to banishment. † Shakespeare shows us how belonging in a close relationships can bring strength, but how this exclusivity may also be seen as a threat by others. Another text which shows a surprising response to exile is Kevin Costner’s Academy award-winning film â€Å"Dances with Wolves†. In it the main character, John Dunbar voluntarily exiles himself, leaving both his own white American culture, and also the senseless Civil War that he had been fighting in, determined to see the west â€Å"before it has gone†. Even though he had been compelled by tradition, expectation and a sense of duty to serve loyally, he finds himself drawn to establish stronger links with the Dakota Sioux Indians, who were commonly viewed as â€Å"thieves and beggars†. Like Celia in As You Like It, he does not view his exile as banishment, but as an opportunity to escape a restrictive and corrupt society in order to gain a sense of freedom and find spiritually renewal. In addition to Dunbar’s first person narration, the film uses a number of mis-en-scene elements, such as costuming, dialogue and symbolic motifs to show the way John Dunbar is gradually accepted into the Sioux culture. Early in his exile, we see him dressed in full uniform, and hear him using military jargon as he describes â€Å"burying excess ordinance† and trying to â€Å"mount an adequate defence†. After his initial encounters with the Lakota Indians his new-found sense of belonging is evident as he begins to speak their language, and is greeted courteously. A change of identity is indicated by his altered appearance, as he becomes clean-shaven, begins wearing a red shirt and trades his army hat for a knife. The film shows a montage of incidents in which Dunbar adopts Sioux customs, such as eating raw buffalo heart. Dean Semler, the cinematograph-er, uses a red filter and passionate music to depict Dunbar’s sorrow when he is separated from his new friends. Finally, Dunbar’s assimilation into the Lakota culture is evident when he becomes able to speak fluently in Lakota, and falls in love with Stands With a Fist. â€Å"I’d never known who John Dunbar was. But as I heard my Sioux name (â€Å"Dances with Wolves†) called out again and again, I knew who I really was†. Costner’s film shows us that humans have a need for relationships, but that we can belong within many different relationships, groups and cultures. Just as Celia and Rosalind establish new relationships in exile and are not troubled by their exclusion from court, Dunbar is restored and fulfilled by his acceptance into a more meaningful and supportive Lakota culture. In contrast to Dunbar’s experiences of belonging, the character of Jaques in â€Å"As You Like It’ shows us that belonging can be impossible for people who are very independent and highly individual. Although he goes into exile willingly he does not accept Duke Senior’s analogy that adversity, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head†. For Jaques, unlike Dunbar, living in exile does not bring rewards and happiness. He insists that he loves to be miserable and to ‘suck melancholy from a song as a weasel sucks eggs†. Shakespeare’s use of such images from nature is very effective in suggesting that, unlike most people, Jaques does not find the experience of being in exile with others either comfortable or necessary. This is evident from his use of highly emotive words to express his dislike of the world around him and his wish to â€Å"Cleanse the foul body of the infected world†. Inevitably his critical, judgmental character makes him an outcast ridiculed for his tears for a wounded stag. Jaques’ depressive nature makes it difficult for him to view life positively as he reveals in his speech on the seven Ages of Man, which finishes with the tragically negative repetition of ‘sans’ (meaning ‘without’) to emphasise the desperate plight of the elderly â€Å"Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything†. When the opportunity arises to return to court, with Duke Senior reinstated, Jaques rejects the idea as he prefers to remain in the ‘abandoned cave’ rather than returning with the others to the trivial pomp of the court. His sense of moral superiority, his inflexibility and his preference for being sombre prevent him from valuing the notion of belonging. Whereas characters like Jaques and Dunbar have the option of choosing whether to belong or not, the ‘unknown citizen’ in W. H. Auden’s satiric poem has been forced to fit in to a tightly run capitalist bureaucracy. The poem takes the form of a eulogy written on the tombstone of this ‘perfect’ member of society, who is only known by his serial number, JS/07 M 378. Auden adopts a formal, prosaic tone to praise the man’s achievements: â€Å"when there was peace, he was for peace When there was war, he went. † The tone of congratulation is clear as the monument praises JS’s life and praises him for being quite ‘normal’. In appearing to praise this ‘saint’ Auden is actually mocking the way those around him in the 1930s blindly relinquished their individuality to the ‘Greater Community’ and he condemns the consumer society which exerts so much control over its citizens. Auden’s oem is laced with irony as the monument extols the virtues of JS who â€Å"had everything necessary to the Modern Man A phonograph, a radio, a car and a Frigidaire. † In this capitalistic conservative society, people are valued for conformist behaviour. The ultimate irony is conveyed in the patronising final lines: â€Å"Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we sh ould certainly have heard. † To belong in such a society, Auden suggests, requires people to abandon any search for freedom and happiness as these are, in the authorities’ view, insignificant and irrelevant. Whereas Shakespeare provides Jaques with the opportunity of maintaining his individuality by not belonging, Auden’s speculative vision of the world allows very little opportunity for those who choose not to belong. In contrast to the magical transformative qualities of the forest of Arden in which marriages and reunions abound, Auden’s sterile society depicts the negative behaviour of mindless conformity where individual names are lost, and people are only valued if they can conform to the government’s expectations. The need to belong can force us to adopt conformist behaviour, and can even force humans to live a life of deceit and pretence, as Jaques commented: ‘All the world’s a stage and we are merely players’. Belonging can, on the other hand, provide us with comfort, security, affection and self-worth. The need to belong is certainly both a gift and a curse.

Sample Page Essays - Crossword, Puzzles, Free Essays, Term Papers

Sample Page Essays - Crossword, Puzzles, Free Essays, Term Papers Sample Page Name___________________________________ Date___________ 1) How well do you know these facts? Write your answers. Practice those you do not know well? 6 48 5 35 8 40 9 54 9 81 12 24 8 64 7 35 5 30 6 24 9 72 6 36 9 45 9 63 6 X 4 = 8 X 6 = 7 X 9 = 8 X 4 = 9 X 3 = 7 X 4 = 7 X 7 = 6 X 7 = 8 X 7 = 8 X 8 = 2) Find each quotient. Then write your answers in the crossword puzzle below. ACROSS DOWN 12 ) 852 2 ) 372 3 ) 987 5 ) 765 3 ) 138 5 ) 95 3) Read and think. Show how you solved each problem. Self check your answers. There were 48 children from classes 5-316 and 5-324 going on a trip to the Childrens Museum. They were going by mini-van. Each van can fit only 8 students. How many mini-vans did they need? Mary worked in the school library. She earned a total of $168.00 for 3 days. She worked the same amount of hours each day. How much did she earn each day? The teacher purchased tickets for the class to go to see Fantasia 2000 at the Sony Imax theatre. The total price she paid for the tickets was $256.00. Each ticket costs $8.00. How many tickets did she purchase? The Pokeman card sets sell for $3.00 a pack. Mary saved up $22.00 from her allowance. How many packs can she buy? 4) Make up a division problem of your own. Write it on the back of this page. Be sure to edit it. Also show how to solve it.

Why you should interview for a job you don’t want

Why you should interview for a job you don’t want Job hunting is a lot of work, whether you’re unemployed or looking while working. You put so much effort into revamping your resume, networking in person and online, and writing cover letters with the hopes of landing something truly great. And then, after weeks or months of the hunt, there’s a bite- you’re offered an interview. But, you’re not excited. At all. Maybe you’re waiting to hear back from your dream company. Maybe you’re just hesitant to accept anything less than awesome before you’ve really gotten yourself out there. You might think the best use of your time is to decline politely and wait for something better to come along. But sometimes it’s smart to take the interview, even when you already know you don’t want the job. Here are some reasons why.You might find you do want the job.You never know when the job you don’t think you want turns out to be a perfect fit. Part of the interview process, we often forget, is for the company to sell you on the position (not just for you to sell yourself to them). Go in, see the workplace, and let them woo you. Find out about the company culture and meet the people with whom you’ll be working. On paper, it’s hard to get a sense of what the day-to-day of a job will be like. In person, your perspective might shift. Don’t cut out options before you know everything about them.Practice makes perfect.The more you get used to putting on your most professional clothes, signing in at an unfamiliar front desk, and sitting in front of strangers while they ask you about your professional expertise, the better you will get at the entire process. If you’re at the start of your career or haven’t been on the market for a while, every interview is excellent practice for the next interview you get. You’ll get your anecdotes down pat and start to get a sense of the questions managers in your chosen field ask people at yo ur level. You’ll want to be as sharp as possible for the interview you’ll get for your dream job. Get all the kinks out when the stakes are low and you’re not buzzing with nerves.You might meet someone to connect with down the line.It’s also always possible that you will meet someone in the course of interviewing who can lead you to your dream job. First, if you get an appointment with a recruiter, they often interview for multiple positions- and sometimes at different companies. Comport yourself professionally and you never know what networking wins you might rack up- he or she will keep you in mind for gigs in the future. Second, if you make a great impression but ultimately turn down the position, you now know a face and name at the company. Maybe for your next move you’ll want to touch base to see what’s open. You can absolutely do so if you rock your interview- even if you don’t take the job.You can use an offer for leverage.Say you really want job X, but they’re dragging their feet in making decisions or final offers. Maybe you’re even on a third or fourth round of interviews. But you’ve also interviewed for jobs Y and Z- and both have made offers. Now you can go back to job X and tell them other companies are vying for you. Don’t be too forceful or demanding; just be truthful. You can politely tell them you have other offers on the table and ask about their decision timeline. Being in demand is always a desirable trait.Bottom line: be careful not to waste your time, especially if you’re still working full time and have to steal away for interviews. If you know there’s no possible way you want to work at a certain company or in a specific position, don’t take the interview. Use your judgment and feel free to pass up duds. Just don’t stay away if you’re not totally certain a job isn’t for you.